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Engineering goods

Export iron and steel castings

Grey and ductile iron and steel castings from Kolhapur, Rajkot, Coimbatore and Howrah; the USA leads.

Free to exportHS 7325
HS code
7325
Other cast articles of iron or steel — manhole covers, grates, pipe fittings blanks, machinery castings. Non-ferrous castings sit in their metal chapters.
Export policy
Free to export
Free to export under ITC(HS) Schedule 2.
Registrations
3
IEC, GST and those below
India’s exports, 2025-26
US$ 1.25 bn
to 146 countries

What is exported

Foundries in Kolhapur, Belagavi, Rajkot, Coimbatore, Howrah and Agra make castings for pumps, valves, tractors, municipal infrastructure and machinery, usually to the buyer's drawings. In 2025-26 India exported about US$ 1.2 billion under HS 7325; the USA led, followed by Germany, Italy, the UK and Canada.

Varieties, grades and forms

  • Grey iron castingsPump and valve bodies, machine bases, manhole covers — the largest volume.
  • SG (ductile) iron castingsStronger castings for automotive, tractor and pipe-fitting parts.
  • Steel and alloy-steel castingsValves, mining and earth-moving parts, often machined before export.
  • Municipal castingsManhole covers, gratings and drain covers to EN 124 for Europe and the Middle East.
  • Machined cast componentsFinished parts that the drawback schedule may place under 8708, 8487 or 8548 rather than 7325.

Where it is grown or made

  • MaharashtraKolhapur and Sangli foundry cluster
  • KarnatakaBelagavi foundry cluster
  • Tamil NaduCoimbatore — pump and motor castings
  • GujaratRajkot and Ahmedabad
  • West BengalHowrah — municipal and pipe castings
  • PunjabBatala and Ludhiana

Export packing

  • Castings are shot-blasted, primed or oiled against rust, then packed in wooden crates or on steel-strapped pallets.
  • All wooden packing must be ISPM-15 treated; heavy crates need marked lifting points and gross weight.
  • Each lot ships with a material test certificate (chemistry and mechanical properties) and the part number marked on the casting or tag.

Who buys abroad

  • Pump, valve and machinery makers (OEMs)
  • Automotive and tractor component buyers
  • Municipal contractors and distributors of drainage products
  • Sourcing companies that buy for several European foundries and OEMs

The quality buyers ask for

Material grade
Grey iron (EN 1561, e.g. EN-GJL-250; ASTM A48; IS 210), ductile iron (EN 1563, e.g. EN-GJS-400-15; ASTM A536), steel (ASTM A216 WCB and others)
Chemistry and mechanicals
Spectro analysis per heat; tensile strength, elongation and hardness (Brinell) from test bars
Microstructure
Nodularity and nodule count for ductile iron; graphite form for grey iron
Soundness
Radiography (ASTM E446/E186 reference levels), ultrasonic, magnetic particle or dye-penetrant tests, and pressure testing for pump and valve bodies
Dimensional tolerance
Casting tolerance grade (ISO 8062-3 DCTG) and machining allowance on the drawing
Inspection certificate
EN 10204 type 3.1 certificate (or 3.2 with third-party witness) for each heat or lot

Certificates

  • ISO 9001RequiredBasic requirement of almost every overseas casting buyer.
  • EN 10204 3.1 material certificateRequiredPer-heat certificate of chemistry and mechanical properties; standard in European orders.
  • PED 2014/68/EU material approval (AD 2000-W0)Often askedFor castings used in pressure equipment sold in the EU, the foundry often needs approval by a notified body.
  • IATF 16949Often askedNeeded for automotive castings.
  • ISO 14001 / ISO 45001Often askedEnvironmental and safety systems; asked for by large OEMs.
  • CBAM emissions dataOften askedFrom 2026 EU importers of iron and steel goods covered by CBAM must report embedded emissions; check whether your CN code is listed and be ready to supply emissions data.

Shipping, storage and shelf life

Container load

Heavy and dense: castings are packed on ISPM-15 pallets or in steel bins and a 20-ft container usually reaches its weight limit long before it is full. Check the line's payload limit and road weight rules.

How it travels

Sea freight from Mundra, Pipavav, Nhava Sheva or Chennai.

Storage

Rust-protect machined faces with oil or primer and VCI; keep heat numbers traceable.

What goes on the pack and carton

  • Part number, heat number and foundry mark cast on the part or stamped as the drawing says.
  • Pallet labels with part number, quantity, weight and order number.
  • Country of origin where the buyer or US Customs requires it.
Where to get it tested

Most export foundries have their own spectrometer and test bars, but buyers trust NABL-accredited results; search the NABL directory under 'mechanical' and 'chemical' testing of metals. MSME technology centres and tool rooms (for example at Rajkot, Kolkata and Ludhiana regions) offer metallurgical testing; the Institute of Indian Foundrymen can point to cluster labs.

Benefits of exporting this product

Where to register

  • EEPC IndiaRCMC for prime iron and steel products and other engineering goods.eepcindia.org ↗

Quality and checks

  • Material test certificates (chemistry and mechanical properties) for each heat, and dimensional reports against the drawing.
  • Product standards the buyer names — for example EN 124 for manhole covers in Europe — and often ISO 9001 for the foundry.
  • EU: the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (definitive phase from 1 January 2026) covers many iron and steel goods; check whether your CN code is listed and be ready to give your EU importer emissions data.
How to start small

Castings are made to drawings, so begin with buyers who send RFQs. Get EEPC membership, list your foundry capability (weight range, grades, machining), and answer RFQs from importers and engineering firms. Start with a pattern-and-sample order and a small first batch.

Where new exporters go wrong

  • Porosity or hidden defects found after machining at the buyer's end — agree inspection methods and rejection rules up front.
  • Quoting fixed prices while pig iron and scrap prices move — use a raw-material price clause.
  • Missing EU CBAM data requests from your buyer, which can stop EU orders.

Documents this product needs

Schemes that apply

Sources (5)
  1. Department of Commerce, Export Import Data Bank — India's exports of HS 7325 by country, 2025-26
  2. DGFT — Appendix 2T: Export Promotion Councils and the products under each
  3. DGFT — ITC(HS) export policy search (Schedule 2)
  4. European Commission — Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism
  5. EEPC India — official site

Trade data

Indian iron and steel castings exports in numbers

From the Department of Commerce’s TradeStat, country by country. US$, Indian financial years (April–March).

Exports in 2025-26
US$ 1.25 bn
+3.7% a year on average, 2020-21 to 2025-26
Change from 2024-25
↑ +3.2%
US$ 1.21 bn → US$ 1.25 bn
Buyer countries
146
Average export price
US$ 1.80
per kg · 6,92,953 tonnes shipped · US$ 1.83 the year before
United States of America: US$ 359 mnGermany: US$ 117 mnItaly: US$ 93.9 mnUnited Kingdom: US$ 69.3 mnCanada: US$ 49.5 mnUnited Arab Emirates: US$ 43.6 mnSpain: US$ 42.4 mnGhana: US$ 33.9 mnBelgium: US$ 29.5 mnNetherlands: US$ 27 mnAustralia: US$ 26.6 mnChile: US$ 22.4 mnFrance: US$ 19.3 mnCzechia: US$ 18.8 mnTanzania: US$ 18.2 mnMexico: US$ 16.1 mnSaudi Arabia: US$ 12.8 mnChina: US$ 12.6 mnPoland: US$ 11.3 mnBrazil: US$ 11.1 mnSweden: US$ 10.5 mnRussia: US$ 9.2 mnOman: US$ 8.5 mnSouth Korea: US$ 8.5 mnUnited States of America: US$ 359 mnUnited States of AmericaGermany: US$ 117 mnGermanyItaly: US$ 93.9 mnItalyUnited Kingdom: US$ 69.3 mnCanada: US$ 49.5 mnUnited Arab Emirates: US$ 43.6 mnUnited Arab EmiratesSpain: US$ 42.4 mnGhana: US$ 33.9 mnGhanaBelgium: US$ 29.5 mnNetherlands: US$ 27 mnAustralia: US$ 26.6 mnAustraliaChile: US$ 22.4 mnFrance: US$ 19.3 mnCzechia: US$ 18.8 mnTanzania: US$ 18.2 mnMexico: US$ 16.1 mnSaudi Arabia: US$ 12.8 mnChina: US$ 12.6 mnPoland: US$ 11.3 mnBrazil: US$ 11.1 mnSweden: US$ 10.5 mnRussia: US$ 9.2 mnOman: US$ 8.5 mnSouth Korea: US$ 8.5 mnIndia
Where Indian iron and steel castings goes — among our 80 countries, 2025-26
2020-21: US$ 1.04 bn1.0k2020-212021-22: US$ 1.31 bn1.3k2021-222022-23: US$ 1.35 bn1.4k2022-232023-24: US$ 1.25 bn1.2k2023-242024-25: US$ 1.21 bn1.2k2024-252025-26: US$ 1.25 bn1.2k2025-26
India’s iron and steel castings exports, year by year · US$ million

The price cycle

India’s average export price per kg each year (total value ÷ total quantity). Highest in 2020-21, lowest in 2021-22 — a 48% swing between them. Keep this swing in mind when you quote.

2020-21: US$ 2.65 per kg2.652021-22: US$ 1.79 per kg1.792022-23: US$ 1.93 per kg2024-25: US$ 1.83 per kg2025-26: US$ 1.80 per kg1.802020-212021-222022-232023-242024-252025-26
Average export price of Indian iron and steel castings · US$ per kg · dotted = year in between not available

What next: a projection from the trend

The past trend carried forward — not a forecast by any authority. Sudden changes in policy, prices or demand are not in it.

2020-21: US$ 1.04 bn2020-212021-22: US$ 1.31 bn2021-222022-23: US$ 1.35 bn2022-232023-24: US$ 1.25 bn2023-242024-25: US$ 1.21 bn2024-252025-26: US$ 1.25 bn2025-262026-27: US$ 1.31 bn (US$ 1.15 bn – US$ 1.49 bn)1.3k2026-272027-28: US$ 1.33 bn (US$ 1.15 bn – US$ 1.54 bn)1.3k2027-28
India’s iron and steel castings exports and projection · hollow bars = projection, line = likely range
By 2027-28: US$ 1.33 bn

Likely range US$ 1.15 bn to US$ 1.54 bn.

Trend
+1.7% a year
Fit (R²)
0.13 — weak, read with care
Based on
6 years of official figures

Method: a straight line through the logarithm of yearly exports (log-linear regression); range = ±1 standard error.

Biggest buyer countries

By value in 2025-26. Change is against 2024-25.

Name2025-26Change
1United States of AmericaUS$ 359 mn-5.9%
2GermanyUS$ 117 mn+5.8%
3ItalyUS$ 93.9 mn+12.5%
4United KingdomUS$ 69.3 mn+33.7%
5CanadaUS$ 49.5 mn-14%
6United Arab EmiratesUS$ 43.6 mn+14%
7SpainUS$ 42.4 mn+16%
8GhanaUS$ 33.9 mn+52.5%
9BelgiumUS$ 29.5 mn+19.9%
10NetherlandsUS$ 27 mn+14.1%
11AustraliaUS$ 26.6 mn-8.8%
12ChileUS$ 22.4 mn+526.3%

Where demand is rising and falling

Only countries that buy at least US$ 1 million or 1% of India’s exports of this product. Change from 2024-25 to 2025-26.

High demand

  1. ChileUS$ 3.6 mn → US$ 22.4 mn+526.3%
  2. GhanaUS$ 22.2 mn → US$ 33.9 mn+52.5%
  3. ChinaUS$ 8.4 mn → US$ 12.6 mn+49.2%
  4. United KingdomUS$ 51.9 mn → US$ 69.3 mn+33.7%
  5. Saudi ArabiaUS$ 10 mn → US$ 12.8 mn+28.2%
  6. FranceUS$ 15.8 mn → US$ 19.3 mn+22.3%
  7. BelgiumUS$ 24.6 mn → US$ 29.5 mn+19.9%
  8. SpainUS$ 36.5 mn → US$ 42.4 mn+16%

Low demand

  1. BrazilUS$ 28.9 mn → US$ 11.1 mn-61.6%
  2. RussiaUS$ 14 mn → US$ 9.2 mn-34%
  3. MexicoUS$ 22.8 mn → US$ 16.1 mn-29.1%
  4. PolandUS$ 15.4 mn → US$ 11.3 mn-26.6%
  5. CanadaUS$ 57.5 mn → US$ 49.5 mn-14%

Which forms sell, and at what price

India’s exports by 8-digit tariff line, 2025-26. Average price = total value ÷ total quantity (TradeStat): the average of every shipment on that line, not the price of any one deal.

Tariff lineValue 2025-26ChangeQuantityAverage price
Other cast artcles of iron malleable7325 99 10 · Iron or steel, cast articles, excluding grinding balls and similar articles for mills, other than of…US$ 296 mn-3.1%2,00,436 tonnesUS$ 1.48 per kgwas US$ 1.52
Other cast articles of iron or steel n.e.s7325 99 99 · Iron or steel, cast articles, excluding grinding balls and similar articles for mills, other than of…US$ 251 mn+4.6%1,34,685 tonnesUS$ 1.86 per kgwas US$ 1.71
Other articles of non-malleable cast iron7325 10 00 · Iron, articles of non-malleable cast ironUS$ 231 mn+15.7%1,64,197 tonnesUS$ 1.41 per kgwas US$ 1.48
Grindng balls and smlr articles for mills of malleable cast iron7325 91 00 · Iron, grinding balls and similar articles for mills, other than of non-malleable cast ironUS$ 185 mn-1.7%1,58,507 tonnesUS$ 1.17 per kgwas US$ 1.24
Other cast articles stainless steel malleabl7325 99 30 · Iron or steel, cast articles, excluding grinding balls and similar articles for mills, other than of…US$ 182 mn+2.7%14,605 tonnesUS$ 12.48 per kgwas US$ 12.91
Other cast articles of alloy steel malleable7325 99 20 · Iron or steel, cast articles, excluding grinding balls and similar articles for mills, other than of…US$ 101 mn+4.3%18,752 tonnesUS$ 5.39 per kgwas US$ 4.97
Iron or steel, cast articles, excluding grinding balls and similar articles for mills, other than of… — drain covers7325 99 92US$ 1.9 mn+2.2%1,321 tonnesUS$ 1.40 per kgwas US$ 1.19
Platsandframes for sewage watr/similr syste7325 99 93 · Iron or steel, cast articles, excluding grinding balls and similar articles for mills, other than of…US$ 600k-16.7%434 tonnesUS$ 1.38 per kgwas US$ 1.61
Rudders equipment for ships or boats7325 99 91 · Iron or steel, cast articles, excluding grinding balls and similar articles for mills, other than of…US$ 170k+70%16 tonnesUS$ 10.34 per kgwas US$ 7.48

The world market

Each country’s own recorded exports and imports in UN Comtrade, 2023 (the latest year nearly every country has reported).

World imports
US$ 6.69 bn
2023
India among exporters
#1
of 138 countries
India’s share of world exports
14.5%
US$ 1.24 bn
Left for others to win
US$ 7.32 bn
exported by other countries

Top exporters — your competitors

  1. 1IndiaUS$ 1.24 bn 14.5%
  2. 2ChinaUS$ 1.18 bn 13.8%
  3. 3FranceUS$ 606 mn 7.1%
  4. 4GermanyUS$ 599 mn 7%
  5. 5SpainUS$ 567 mn 6.6%
  6. 6CzechiaUS$ 504 mn 5.9%
  7. 7PolandUS$ 442 mn 5.2%
  8. 8ItalyUS$ 421 mn 4.9%
  9. 9TürkiyeUS$ 385 mn 4.5%
  10. 10USAUS$ 271 mn 3.2%

Biggest buyers in the world

  1. 1GermanyUS$ 671 mn 10%
  2. 2USAUS$ 607 mn 9.1%
  3. 3ItalyUS$ 570 mn 8.5%
  4. 4FranceUS$ 330 mn 4.9%
  5. 5United KingdomUS$ 256 mn 3.8%
  6. 6PolandUS$ 208 mn 3.1%
  7. 7AustriaUS$ 201 mn 3%
  8. 8AustraliaUS$ 200 mn 3%
  9. 9CzechiaUS$ 197 mn 2.9%
  10. 10NetherlandsUS$ 178 mn 2.7%

Opportunity: what these countries buy from the world, and from India

Each country’s own recorded imports in UN Comtrade, latest year it has reported. The long light part of each bar is demand other countries are filling today.

GermanyUS$ 582 mnIndia 7.8% · gap US$ 537 mn
ItalyUS$ 492 mnIndia 19.1% · gap US$ 399 mn
United States of AmericaUS$ 609 mnIndia 42.7% · gap US$ 349 mn
FranceUS$ 307 mnIndia 6.6% · gap US$ 287 mn
United KingdomUS$ 256 mnIndia 15.1% · gap US$ 218 mn
NetherlandsUS$ 189 mnIndia 6.8% · gap US$ 176 mn
AustraliaUS$ 200 mnIndia 28.5% · gap US$ 143 mn
JapanUS$ 133 mnIndia 2.2% · gap US$ 130 mn
CanadaUS$ 157 mnIndia 25.6% · gap US$ 117 mn
SpainUS$ 154 mnIndia 24.8% · gap US$ 116 mn

TradeStat’s 2023-24 quantities are double-counted, so that year is left out of the price. Sources: TradeStat — Export Import Data Bank, Department of Commerce · UN Comtrade database (United Nations Statistics Division) · Figures taken 29 October 2026.

Step by step

How to export iron and steel castings

India is the world's second-largest producer of castings after China, with foundry clusters in Rajkot, Kolhapur, Coimbatore, Belagavi, Howrah and Batala. Exports are smaller than output but growing, and competition comes from China, Turkey and Eastern Europe. Demand comes from pump, valve, automotive, railway, agricultural and construction-equipment makers in Europe and the USA who want a second source besides China. Openings are in machined and ready-to-fit castings, ductile iron and steel castings for valves and pumps, and smaller batches that large overseas foundries do not want.

  1. 01Review drawing and RFQ

    Check grade, weight, tests and machining; quote pattern cost separately.

  2. 02Pattern and methoding

    Make the pattern, design gating and feeding, and simulate if possible.

  3. 03First article

    Pour samples, run full dimensional, chemical, mechanical and NDT checks, and submit the first article report.

  4. 04Approval and order

    Get written approval and a schedule of call-offs.

  5. 05Production and machining

    Melt, pour, fettle, heat-treat and machine; test each heat.

  6. 06Certificates and packing

    Issue 3.1 certificates, paint or oil, pack on ISPM-15 pallets.

  7. 07Ship and collect

    File the shipping bill, claim RoDTEP and drawback, and collect on agreed terms (often open account with ECGC cover).

Questions

Questions about exporting iron and steel castings

What is an EN 10204 3.1 certificate?
A test certificate issued by the manufacturer's own inspection department, independent of production, giving actual test results for the delivered lot.
Who pays for the pattern?
Usually the buyer pays once and owns it, or the cost is spread over an agreed quantity. Write it in the contract.
Does CBAM apply to my castings?
Only if the EU CN code of your product is listed in the CBAM annex. Check with your buyer and on the European Commission CBAM page.
Rough or machined — which should I export?
Machined castings earn more and are harder to replace, but you take the risk of scrap after machining. Start with rough castings if your machining capacity is weak.
Which council covers castings?
EEPC India.
Sources (6)
  1. EEPC India — official site
  2. European Commission — Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM)
  3. European Commission — Machinery (Directive 2006/42/EC and Regulation (EU) 2023/1230)
  4. IPPC — ISPM 15, Regulation of wood packaging material in international trade
  5. NABL — search for accredited testing laboratories
  6. Office of the Development Commissioner (MSME) — technology centres and testing